WHAT IS ANDROID?
Android is a LINUX based mobile operating system. It was originally developed by a startup of the same name, Android, Inc. In 2005.
Versions of Android:
Android has gone through quite a number of updates since its fi rst release. So that update in each version which supports many features.
ANDROID 1.1 was the first version of ANDROID, developed on 9 February 2009.
ANDROID 1.5 was the second version of ANDROID, developed on 30 April 2009
ANDROID 1.6 was the third version of ANDROID, developed on 15 September 2009
ANDROID 2.0/2.1 was the fourth version of ANDROID, developed on 26 October 2009
ANDROID 2.2 was the fifth version of ANDROID developed on 20 May 2010
ANDROID 2.3 was the sixth version of ANDROID developed on 6 December 2010
ANDROID 3.0/3.1/3.2 was the seventh version of ANDROID developed on 22 February 2011
ANDROID 4.0 was the eighth version of ANDROID developed on 19 October 2011
Layers that make up the Android operating system (OS). The Android OS is roughly divided into five sections in four main layers:
➤ Linux kernel — This is the kernel on which Android is based. This layer contains all the low level device drivers for the various hardware components of an Android device.
➤ Libraries — These contain all the code that provides the main features of an Android OS. For example, the SQLite library provides database support so that an application can use it for data storage. The WebKit library provides functionalities for web browsing.
➤ Android runtime — At the same layer as the libraries, the Android runtime provides a set of core libraries that enable developers to write Android apps using the Java programming language. The Android runtime also includes the Dalvik virtual machine, which enables every Android application to run in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik virtual machine (Android applications are compiled into Dalvik executables). Dalvik is a specialized virtual machine designed specifically for Android and optimized for battery-powered mobile
devices with limited memory and CPU.
➤ Application framework — Exposes the various capabilities of the Android OS to application developers so that they can make use of them in their applications.
➤ Applications — At this top layer, you will find applications that ship with the Android device (such as Phone, Contacts, Browser, etc.), as well as applications that you download and install from the Android Market. Any applications that you write are located at this layer.
Android is a LINUX based mobile operating system. It was originally developed by a startup of the same name, Android, Inc. In 2005.
Versions of Android:
Android has gone through quite a number of updates since its fi rst release. So that update in each version which supports many features.
ANDROID 1.1 was the first version of ANDROID, developed on 9 February 2009.
ANDROID 1.5 was the second version of ANDROID, developed on 30 April 2009
ANDROID 1.6 was the third version of ANDROID, developed on 15 September 2009
ANDROID 2.0/2.1 was the fourth version of ANDROID, developed on 26 October 2009
ANDROID 2.2 was the fifth version of ANDROID developed on 20 May 2010
ANDROID 2.3 was the sixth version of ANDROID developed on 6 December 2010
ANDROID 3.0/3.1/3.2 was the seventh version of ANDROID developed on 22 February 2011
ANDROID 4.0 was the eighth version of ANDROID developed on 19 October 2011
Present Version is ANDROID 4.2 ( Jelly Bean)
Architecture of Android:
Layers that make up the Android operating system (OS). The Android OS is roughly divided into five sections in four main layers:
➤ Linux kernel — This is the kernel on which Android is based. This layer contains all the low level device drivers for the various hardware components of an Android device.
➤ Libraries — These contain all the code that provides the main features of an Android OS. For example, the SQLite library provides database support so that an application can use it for data storage. The WebKit library provides functionalities for web browsing.
➤ Android runtime — At the same layer as the libraries, the Android runtime provides a set of core libraries that enable developers to write Android apps using the Java programming language. The Android runtime also includes the Dalvik virtual machine, which enables every Android application to run in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik virtual machine (Android applications are compiled into Dalvik executables). Dalvik is a specialized virtual machine designed specifically for Android and optimized for battery-powered mobile
devices with limited memory and CPU.
➤ Application framework — Exposes the various capabilities of the Android OS to application developers so that they can make use of them in their applications.
➤ Applications — At this top layer, you will find applications that ship with the Android device (such as Phone, Contacts, Browser, etc.), as well as applications that you download and install from the Android Market. Any applications that you write are located at this layer.
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